Irony

Irony
* A contrast between expectation and reality.

Verbal Irony
* When a person says one thing but means the opposite; the simplest type.
~sarcasm: the use of words in a particularly harsh and cruel way; intended to wound or bite in a harmful way.

Situational Irony
* Describes an occurrence that is not just surprising, its the opposite of what the reader expected.
~ rich man turns into a beggar
~ girl dreading party meets future husband

Dramatic Irony
* When the reader knows what is in store for a character, but the character does not know.
~ Romeo and Juliet
~ corny horror flicks

The Ironic world of Fiction
* Ironic world = where humans, however ambitious and fortunate, have no control over an uncaring destiny.
* Romantic World = a world in which the characters' dreams and quests come true without effort.

Satire
* Any writing that use ridicule to bring about social reform; exaggeration of character's faults so much that the reader has to laugh at them.
~political cartoons (caricatures)
~Animal Farm

Making Predictions

Making Predictions
First you must make a inference,
make a prediction second.

Predicting = trying to figure out what will happen next.

Combine selection clues plus your own knowledge and experience to make a reasonable guess.

Textual evidence + knowledge & experience = reasonable guess

Practice

Clenched fists + angry & volitile = Jon might fight Mike

Smiling & laughing with Mike + Flirting or betrayal = Jon might breakup w/ Jenny

He had to get outside + Frustration & fresh air = Jon needs to blow off steam

Symbol

Symbol
Literary Symbol
* an object, setting, event, animal, or person that functions as itself and stands for something greater (abstract) = "represents"
~First its function
~Then what it stands for or represent

Public Symbol
*A figure that is almost immediately recognized in society
~what it represents rather than what its function is.

-marriage
-jesus
-america and freedom

Why do we use symbols?
* a part of our nature
*express and suggest a range of meanings
*speak to emotions and imagination

Is it a symbol?
* Symbols are often visual
* Symbols are given a lot of emphasis
* Symbols use figurative language.

Inference

Inference:
          Reading between the lines

Making Inferences:

• Trying to guess what is going on
• Its not possible for authors to include every detail
• Nor do we want them too
• Authors hint at the details
• Writers purposely choose to hint at details rather then state them
• It can add reading or suspense 
• Inference is a logical guess based on clues in the text based on our knowledge and common sense. 
• Textual evidence + knowledge & common sense = Logical guess

Practice:

• Smiled, no computers, no apts. + computers mean work = going on vacation
• Well-used passport + passport needed to travel = Travels a lot
• Passport, international terminal + International means out of country = leaving the country.

Theme

Theme:

Some idea or insight about human life, human nature and human behavior that gives meaning to the story

Theme points:
Theme can reveal the author’s view of life, how the world works or fails to work.
A story’s theme is its roots; they are unseen and unstated but vital.
The reader doesn’t have to agree with the theme, just try to understand it.
Theme is not plot it is an idea about human nature. It may help the reader understand some “truth” that he/she never thought about before.

Tips for Generating Theme

Make a list of possible subjects (issues, conflicts, topics) illustrated in the story.
Think about how the protagonist has changed during the course of the story.
Consider the title.
Think, “what is the author trying to reveal to me about the human life/nature/behavior?”

Tips for Writing Theme

The theme should be at least one complete sentence
stay away from using idioms and cliches
It must be expressed as a generalization— no character names or reference to plot!
Watch out for using “every,” “none” or “all”
No “I”, “you’s”, or “don’t”s.

Setting

      Setting- An indication of when(time) and where(place) the action is set.


Time/When

• Past, present, further
• Day, month, year
• Decade, century, era
• Seasons (weather)
• Morning, afternoon, night (sequencing clues)
• Clothing, speech, artifacts

Place/Where

• City, state, country
• Planet, world, universe(sci-fi)
• Landmarks, enviroment
• Building, room, car, house
• Specific address
• Direction (n,s,e,w)

Atmosphere

• The mood of feeling we get from the description of the setting
• Harsh and gloomy
• Gloomy to cheerful
• Beautiful to ugly

Verisimilitude

• A portrayal of truth or believability in literature; consistency
• Would Romeo use an iPod
• Would Odysseus read a book
• Does the setting seem possible

Setting and Imagination

• Readers fill in the details based on your own experience
• Good setting allows the reader to travel without leaving

Setting and Character

• Setting reveals character through affecting the environment
• Setting may be portrayed as the antagonist (person vs. nature)

Cause & Effect

A cause is an action or event that makes something happen.

An effect is what happens because of certain action or event.

Key Words

• Signal Words: because, since, as a result
• Other wise.. implied
• We have to figure it out

Graphic Organizers

Cause--------> Effect

• One cause can have multiple effects
• Multiple causes can cause an effect

Practice

Cause___________________Effect

Pam Stole the ball  ------> Marnie Cheered

Girl Twisted Ankle ------> Helped off the field

                                Team play short-handed   

                                                  Pam asked Marnie to play   

Pam was disappointed ------> Marnie decided to play

Marnie had fun -----> Marnie asked to join the team

Point of View

Point of View

• The vantage point from which a write tells a story

Three Points

• Third Person Omniscient
• All-knowing 
• Actions, thoughts
• Narrator is removed from the story.
• First Person
• The "I" character
• Tells and participates
• the reader can see, hear, and know what they think
• May not be reliable or honest
• Draws reader directly into story
• We don't get to know other characters well
• Third Person Limited
• Story is told by outside observer
• Views the action from only one character; "shadow"
• Third person pronouns; he, she, his, her;
• Only use "I" in dialogue

Determining a Story's Point of View

1. Select a portion of the story that is not dialogue.
2. Who is telling the story?
1. If the answer is a narrator, go to step 3
2. If the answer is an "I"
3. How much does that narrator know?
1. If they know everything about everyone, the POV is omniscient
2. If they only know one character's perspective, the POV is limited

Main Idea & Details

Main Idea:

• The most important point.
• May be literal (stated) or implied.

Supporting Details:

• Provides information about the main idea.
• Contemplate the details to figure out the main idea if it is not stated. 

Graphic Organizer:

• Table top
• Top of the table = the Main Idea
• Each of the legs = the details supporting the main idea

Practice:

• Specialized Equipment for Ice Climbers
• Ice screws
• Axes
• Ropes
• Hammers
• Crampons

Character

Character:

• Individuals who participate in the action of a literary work.

Types of Characters

• Protagonist: The main characters in a story; always involved in the conflict.
• Antagonist: The character( or force) against the Protagonist. (working against each other); may be any external or internal conflict.
• Dynamic: A character who changes.
• Static: A character who stays mostly the same.
• Stock: A character who has lost their individuality. Typical characters 

• Motivation: The driving force behind the character's thoughts, feelings, and actions; key to stories.

Characterization:

 The techniques a writer uses to develop a character.

• Physical Description
• Character's own speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions.
• How other characters react about or too the character.
• Narrator's own comments about the character.

Elements of Short Story

Structural Elements

• "Must have."
• Plot
• Conflict
• Character
• Setting
• Point of View

Stylistic Elements

• "Nice to have."
• Symbol
• irony
• Foreshadow
• Suspense
• Figurative Language

Conceptual Elements

• Causes the reader to THINK
• Not tangible
• Theme
• Author's Intent or Purpose
• We can't point at the theme of the story we have to think about it to figure it out.

Plot: Framework

• Beginning/Exposition: 
• Where we meet the main character / problem
• Rising Action: 
• leads to the solution
• Climax:
• Turning point of the story
• Resolution:
• The problem is solved

Conflict: The Struggle

• Internal Conflict
• Person vs. Self
• External Conflict:
• Person vs. person, nature, machine, society, super natural.

Creating Suspense

• Suspense:
• Hooks reader with anxiety and curiosity
• Foreshadow:
• Clues about whats going to happen

THIEVES

Becoming T.H.I.E.V.E.S.

• A strategy to steal information before reading it
• Helps you find the right information quickly
• connect to prior knowledge
• anticipate the content (hook)
• focus on the topic
• Title (questions to ask yourself)
• What do I already know about this topic?
• What will I be reading about?
• Can I connect to that?
• What does it relate to in class?
• Is it fact or opinion?   
• Headings
• Tells me what I will be reading about
• How does it connect with the title
• How can I turn the heading into a question?
• Introduction
• First page / first paragraph
• Summarize the main idea
• Look for BOLD words, headings, questions, terms, or background information.
• Every First Sentence
• What does the sentence mean to what I'm reading?
• How does it connect to the heading?
• How can I turn it into a question?
• Visuals and Vocabulary
• Looking for pictures, maps, charts, or graphs for quick accurate information.
• Does the chapter contain any key words?
• End of chapter/section
• What do the questions ask?
• What do they find important?
• What do we learn from the questions?
• Preview the questions
• Summary
• What do i remember?
• Understanding the information given.

Grade Configuration & Contact Information

• Grade Scale
• A 90%
• B 80%
• C 70%
• D 60%
• Configuration
• 1st Quarter
• Daily Work 30%
• Test/Quiz 30%
• Lit. Analysis 20%
• Blog 20%
• 2nd Quarter
• Same as before
• Research Paper replaces Lit. Analysis
• 1st and 2nd quarter average to make your semester grade
• Contact Information
• Time 7:45-9:45; 3:00-3:45
• 2nd lunch by appointment
• Phone: 681-7432 ext. 1200
• Email: rmattson@trf.k12.mn.us (parent)
• rebecca.mattson@myprowler.org

Classroom Procedures

• Writing Assignments
• Reflect appropriate sentence/paragraph structure
• Text shorthand and abbreviations aren't acceptable in essays and assessments 
• Writing to demonstrate knowledge
• Blogs
• Must be organized!
• Graded EVERY Monday evening for the previous week
• Use the "Home" page for notes; other pages will be used in class as needed
• Google Drive
• create a folder share it with Mattson
• Create all documents IN the folder
• If you are absent

1. Check the website
2. Check the folder on the back counter for any handouts
3. Plan to come in *before or after school* for explanations/help

• Late Work Policy
• Each practice assignment will have two dates, a DUE date and a DEADLINE date
• -2 points/ each day after the due date
• half credit at best after the deadline
• long-term assignments are deadline only (essays, research paper, etc.)
• partially completed work not accepted
• Missing Work?
1. What am I missing? (Student Vue)
2. What do I need? (another copy, extra time, more explanation, etc.)
3. How can Mrs. Mattson help me?
• They like/want to help us
• Two school days for every one excused absence
• Independent Work Time
• its okay to listen to music as long as no one else can hear it.
• be respectful with side conversations
• don't pack up early

Classroom Expectations

• Be Prompt
• being on time
• Be Positive
• "Try Junkie"
• Break away from TTWWADI
• Be Prepared
• Use the bathroom/get a drink during passing time.
• Be Productive
• Be optimistic, engaged, organized and punctual. 
• Cell phone miss use she gets it till 3:01
• Computer miss use she makes you use paper.
• Be Polite
• "You attract more bees with honey than vinegar." (Use your manners)
• Treat people the way you want to be treated. Golden Rule!!!!
• Be Proactive
• Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened.
• Mt. Dew is reactive, Water is proactive
• Behavior is a function of decisions, not condition
• "Responsibility" is our "ability" to "respond"
• PLAN AHEAD, or accept the consequences.